PoS L1 Node decentralization

Median Nakamoto

Permissionless

38 chains

Hybrid

11 chains

Permissioned

4 chains

What is the Nakamoto Coefficient?

The minimum number of validators whose collusion could halt or attack consensus. The threshold varies by security assumption: BFT-style chains (Tendermint/CometBFT, HotStuff, IBFT, Gasper, etc.) use > ⅓ stake, since that's enough to halt finality. Longest-chain PoS like Cardano's Ouroboros follows a 51%-attack model requiring > ½ stake. Stacks Nakamoto requires 70% signer weight to accept blocks, so its halt threshold is > 30% stake. Per-chain thresholds and methodology are noted in each row's expanded view.

≤ 5 (severe)6 to 15 (moderate)≥ 16 (healthy)

55 chains, click a row to expand details

#	Chain	Nakamoto Coefficient	Validators	Permission	Client
1	EthereumETH Gasper	350K	1050.0K / Uncapped	Permissionless	Multiple
2	BNB ChainBNB PoSA	8	45 / 45	Hybrid	Single
3	SolanaSOL Tower BFT	20	1.5K / Uncapped	Permissionless	Multiple
4	TronTRX Delegated PoS	5	27 / 27	Hybrid	Single
5	ProvenanceHASH CometBFT / Tendermint	8	60 / 100	Permissionless	Single
6	Hyperliquid L1HYPE HotStuff	3	21 / Uncapped	Hybrid	Single
7	Polygon PoSPOL CometBFT / Tendermint	4	100 / 105	Permissionless	Single
8	AvalancheAVAX Snowman	26	1.2K / Uncapped	Permissionless	Single
9	PlasmaXPL HotStuff	1	2 / Uncapped	Hybrid	Single
10	SuiSUI DAG-BFT	18	113 / Uncapped	Permissionless	Single
11	MonadMON HotStuff	24	40 / 100	Hybrid	Single
12	CronosCRO CometBFT / Tendermint	4	30 / 30	Permissionless	Single
13	AptosAPT AptosBFT	15	150 / Uncapped	Permissionless	Single
14	StellarXLM Federated BFT	-	80 / Uncapped	N/A	Multiple
15	FlareFLR Snowman	22	110 / Uncapped	Permissionless	Single
16	MovementMOVE AptosBFT	2	100 / Uncapped	Hybrid	Single
17	CardanoADA Ouroboros	-	3.0K / Uncapped	Permissionless	Multiple
18	StacksSTX Nakamoto + PoX	3	70 / Uncapped	Permissionless	Single
19	NEAR ProtocolNEAR Nightshade	9	100 / 100	Permissionless	Single
20	dYdX ChainDYDX CometBFT / Tendermint	6	60 / 60	Permissionless	Single
21	GnosisGNO Gasper	57K	170.0K / Uncapped	Permissionless	Multiple
22	KavaKAVA CometBFT / Tendermint	2	75 / 100	Permissionless	Single
23	BerachainBERA CometBFT / Tendermint	9	58 / 69	Permissionless	Single
24	SeiSEI CometBFT / Tendermint	7	30 / 30	Permissionless	Single
25	HederaHBAR Hashgraph	9	31 / 39	Permissioned	Single
26	TONTON Catchain BFT	-	350 / Uncapped	Permissionless	Single
27	XRP LedgerXRP Federated BFT	-	35 / Uncapped	N/A	Single
28	AlgorandALGO Pure PoS	13	1.5K / Uncapped	Permissionless	Single
29	Vaulta (EOS)EOS Delegated PoS	8	21 / 21	Hybrid	Single
30	THORChainRUNE CometBFT / Tendermint	28	100 / 100	Permissionless	Single
31	SonicS Lachesis aBFT	4	45 / Uncapped	Permissionless	Single
32	TezosXTZ Liquid PoS	4	400 / Uncapped	Permissionless	Multiple
33	OsmosisOSMO CometBFT / Tendermint	7	150 / 150	Permissionless	Single
34	InjectiveINJ CometBFT / Tendermint	6	60 / 60	Permissionless	Single
35	FlowFLOW HotStuff	-	450 / Uncapped	Permissionless	Single
36	RoninRON PoSA	7	22 / 26	Hybrid	Single
37	KaiaKAIA PoS (other)	1	36 / Uncapped	Hybrid	Single
38	Internet ComputerICP Chain Key Cryptography	-	1.0K / Uncapped	Permissioned	Single
39	PolkadotDOT NPoS	-	297 / 297	Permissionless	Multiple
40	WEMIX3.0WEMIX PoSA	-	40 / 40	Hybrid	Single
41	StableSTABLE CometBFT / Tendermint	-	30 / Uncapped	Hybrid	Single
42	NeutronNTRN CometBFT / Tendermint	6	180 / 180	Permissionless	Single
43	CelestiaTIA CometBFT / Tendermint	7	100 / 100	Permissionless	Single
44	FilecoinFIL PoS (other)	-	3.5K / Uncapped	Permissionless	Multiple
45	InitiaINIT CometBFT / Tendermint	3	50 / 130	Permissionless	Single
46	Tempo- HotStuff	-	15 / Uncapped	Permissioned	Single
47	AstarASTR NPoS	-	50 / Uncapped	Permissionless	Single
48	SupraSUPRA HotStuff	-	100 / Uncapped	Permissionless	Single
49	SomniaSOMI HotStuff	-	60 / Uncapped	Permissionless	Single
50	MANTRAOM CometBFT / Tendermint	3	50 / 100	Permissionless	Single
51	StoryIP CometBFT / Tendermint	27	72 / 100	Permissionless	Single
52	ZetaChainZETA CometBFT / Tendermint	5	100 / 100	Permissionless	Single
53	VanaVANA PoS (other)	-	64 / 128	Permissionless	Single
54	Cosmos HubATOM CometBFT / Tendermint	4	180 / 180	Permissionless	Single
55	Canton NetworkCC PoS (other)	1	13 / Uncapped	Permissioned	Single